2026
Idowu, Mary O.; Aboaba, Sherifat A.
GC-MS Profile and toxicity study of essential oil, hydrosol and crude extracts of Nerium oleander L. Leaves Journal Article
In: SEODA Journal of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants , vol. 1, 2026.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Artemia salina, GC-MS, Nerium oleander, Toxicity
@article{Idowu2026,
title = {GC-MS Profile and toxicity study of essential oil, hydrosol and crude extracts of Nerium oleander L. Leaves},
author = {Mary O. Idowu and Sherifat A. Aboaba},
url = {https://journal.seoda.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ARTICLE-3.pdf},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-02-15},
urldate = {2026-02-15},
journal = {SEODA Journal of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants },
volume = {1},
abstract = {Nerium oleander L. also known as oleander, belongs to the Apocynaceae family. It is an evergreen ornamental shrub that grows in tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean climates. Essential oil and hydrosol were obtained from the plant material by hydro-distillation, methanol extract by solvent extraction which was fractionated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was employed for analyses of the extracts, and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay for the toxicity study. The GC-MS analyses of the essential oil, hydrosol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts afforded 38, 32, 27, 31, and 37 compounds, respectively, representing 99.99, 99.98, 99.99, 100, and 100 % of the total constituents respectively. The profile of the constituents can be described as terpene, fatty acid, amide, phenolic and aromatic compounds, respectively. Major components were (+)-intermedeol (18.63 %), 1-chloroheptacosane (23.76 %), squalene (15.02 %), 2-O-methyl-d-xylose (14.04 %), 2-O-methyl-d-xylose (48.77 %) respectively. The brine shrimps lethality assay yielded LC50 values of 317332.39, 0.00, 0.00, 1532.00 and 185587578.80 ppm, respectively. The LC50 values reveal that essential oil, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were non-toxic, indicating their safety for biological applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products, while hydrosol and n-hexane extract demonstrated significant toxicity, suggesting promising bioactive potential. These findings highlight the variability in the oil composition and toxicity profiles of N. oleander leaf extracts obtained using different solvents and identify the potential of the extracts for exploration in the treatment of diseases.},
keywords = {Artemia salina, GC-MS, Nerium oleander, Toxicity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nerium oleander L. also known as oleander, belongs to the Apocynaceae family. It is an evergreen ornamental shrub that grows in tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean climates. Essential oil and hydrosol were obtained from the plant material by hydro-distillation, methanol extract by solvent extraction which was fractionated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was employed for analyses of the extracts, and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay for the toxicity study. The GC-MS analyses of the essential oil, hydrosol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts afforded 38, 32, 27, 31, and 37 compounds, respectively, representing 99.99, 99.98, 99.99, 100, and 100 % of the total constituents respectively. The profile of the constituents can be described as terpene, fatty acid, amide, phenolic and aromatic compounds, respectively. Major components were (+)-intermedeol (18.63 %), 1-chloroheptacosane (23.76 %), squalene (15.02 %), 2-O-methyl-d-xylose (14.04 %), 2-O-methyl-d-xylose (48.77 %) respectively. The brine shrimps lethality assay yielded LC50 values of 317332.39, 0.00, 0.00, 1532.00 and 185587578.80 ppm, respectively. The LC50 values reveal that essential oil, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were non-toxic, indicating their safety for biological applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products, while hydrosol and n-hexane extract demonstrated significant toxicity, suggesting promising bioactive potential. These findings highlight the variability in the oil composition and toxicity profiles of N. oleander leaf extracts obtained using different solvents and identify the potential of the extracts for exploration in the treatment of diseases.