@article{Oloyede2026,

title = {Chemical constituents and biological activities of essential oils of leaves and stem of Homalium africanum (Hook. F) Benth (Flacourtiaceae) and Shorea roxburghii G. Don (Dipterocarpaceae)},

author = {Ganiyat K. Oloyede and Patricia A. Onocha and Mokanjuola A. Olatunji and Michael G. Ibok and Abdul-Qowiy A. Fashola and Mariam A. Adepoju and Caleb O. Ojo and Oluwafemi O. Olalusi},

url = {https://journal.seoda.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ARTICLE-6.pdf},

year  = {2026},

date = {2026-02-15},

urldate = {2026-02-15},

journal = {SEODA Journal of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants },

volume = {1},

abstract = {Homalium africanum (Hook. F) Benth (Flacourtiaceae) and Shorea roxburghii G.Don (Dipterocarpaceae) are used in the treatment of malaria, cholera, degenerative and inflammatory diseases. This study was carried out to evaluate the chemical constituents, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity of the essential oils (EOs) of leaves and stems of both plants. H. africanum (HA) and S. roxburghii (SR) were collected and authenticated at Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. The EOs were extracted by hydro-distillation. The chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity of the EOs were carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-phenylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), broth dilution method and brine shrimp lethality assays, respectively. Also, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) were determined. GC-MS analyses of the EOs from H. africanum gave twenty-six compounds for the leaf (76.64%) and sixteen compounds for the stem (35.77%). Leaf and stem EOs were dominated with 2-hexanol (6.06%) and benzaldehyde (43.43%), respectively. S. roxburghii EOs revealed a total of forty-two compounds for leaf (73.99%) and fourteen compounds for the stem (76.64%). Leaf EO was dominated with caryophyllene oxide (8.85%) and 1H-cyclopropazulen-7-ol (8.62%) and stem EO with α- and β- phellandrene (36.02%) and limonene (26.16%). The EOs of leaves and stem of both plants showed moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 (mg/ml) of 1.51, 2.64 (HA) and 1.50, 1.73 (SR), respectively; moderate inhibitory (MIC μg/ml: 0.39-50) and microbicidal activity (MMC μg/ml: 0.39-25-HA, 1.56-50-SR) against all microbes used except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Apergillus niger. The EOs of leaves and stem of both plants were cytotoxic, with LC50 (μg/ml) of 5.1470, 3.465 (HA) and 4.69, 5.767 (SR), respectively. The results corroborate the plants’ ethno-medicinal uses.},

keywords = {2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl, brine shrimp lethality assay, Essential oils, Homalium africanum, radical assay, Shorea roxburghii},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}